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Why Metarobics? Part Three

6/28/2016

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Recent newsfeeds stressed again the importance of a Metarobic understanding behind the benefits of Tai Chi. As noted in my last post, researchers with Emory University School of Medicine stated that the most critical area to research is identification of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of Tai Chi for older adults. Metarobics does this, and the following articles further stress this need. In the first article, on a study on the benefits of Tai Chi for type 2 diabetes (Click HERE to read the article), the author stated that benefits for type 2 diabetes might be due to Tai Chi being a moderate form of exercise. The author further defined moderate exercise as: "Any activity that leaves you feeling warm and slightly breathless but still able to hold a conversation counts as moderate exercise.” If there is one thing about Tai Chi, it is that it does not leave you in any degree breathless. Indeed, the feeling can be described more as being “breathful.”   It has also been noted in an extensive review of Tai Chi studies that Tai Chi has no aerobic specific effects (1). 
 
Since there is no established category for these exercises, others have also tried to classify exercises such as Tai Chi as a low impact or moderate form of aerobic exercise. Until the development of a Metarobic understanding, researchers have had no other “go to” for mechanisms of effect, for the many and sometimes dramatic benefits of Tai Chi. This approach has several drawbacks, the first being that it is inaccurate. Tai Chi has only a mild effect on heart rate, and when practiced correctly, does not raise it to even low impact aerobic levels. I have noticed that in an attempt to gain “aerobic” benefits, some teachers and practitioners have sped Tai Chi up, to the point of removing two of the primary benefits of Tai Chi – a relaxed body combined with slow deep breaths. These two elements increase unique Metarobic effects related to enhanced blood oxygen saturation, diffusion, and oxygen based metabolism. It is my hope that in time, a Metarobic understanding of these exercises will help overcome the tendency to try to classify Tai Chi as low impact aerobics, or as moderate exercise. As noted in my book “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” other researchers have also stated a need for such an evidence and theory based approach, from which to categorize and better study and promote these unique exercises. It is their very nature as a slow moving, breath-focused relaxation exercise which has such tremendous benefits for health and chronic conditions (again, see my book for more details).
 
The second post was a tongue in cheek article by Simon Doonan, on her experiences with Tai Chi (Click HERE to read the article). In the article Simon notes that her husband came home from work, saw her doing Tai Chi, and thought she was having some sort of episode. She stated that she avoids trying to explain why she does Tai Chi, in part because there is no way to rationalize Tai Chi as muscles toned or calories burned. That as an exercise, it is intrinsically mysterious. I appreciate the depths of Tai Chi, which at times can be quite “mysterious,” but it again stressed the need for promoting a Metarobic understanding of Tai Chi. It removes the WTF (noted below), with “Ah, so that’s why people do this.”
 
The WTF comes from Simon’s observation of the First Lady, Michelle Obama, learning Tai Chi while on a trip to China. Simon noted a frown and an expression that she described as “This won’t tone my arms. WTF?” Again, a Metarobic understanding will replace that with a smile and an “Ah, so that’s why I am doing this.” One final note, further stressing this point, comes from a reader comment: “Everybody over this age is Tai-curious. Everybody under 60 thinks it is utterly idiotic.” Metarobics replaces idiocy with understanding, including an understanding of the need for exercises such as Tai Chi for chronic conditions, and answers the questions of the older “Tai-curious” group.
 
For more information, and to answer your own questions, see the Metarobic Institute pages, or for a more fuller explanation of Metarobic effects and supporting research for health and a wider range of chronic conditions, read “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” available on Amazon.com (Click HERE for link).

If you would like to read Part One and Part Two of this series, below are the links:

Why Metarobics?

Why Metarobics - Part Two: Dedicated to Alan Rickman and David Bowie


Citation
  1. Lee MS, Lee E, Ernst E. Is tai chi beneficial for improving aerobic capacity? A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009 43; 569-573.
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Tai Chi, the Grand Ultimate in Mental & Physical Balance

6/12/2016

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Since this month is National Safety Month, this post will present an overview of a review of 20 years of research, on the impact of Tai Chi on balance and mobility for older adults (see below for citation), and how to use Tai Chi to enhance balance. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), loss of balance is the leading cause of accidental death and injury in those age 65 and older. The most important finding is that over the past 20 years, Tai Chi has been consistently reported to be an effective exercises for improving balance, as well as for reducing falls and fear of falling, in older adults. The authors note that since time is a precious commodity for all age groups, it is important to better identify how and why Tai Chi enhances balance and reduces falls, in order to more efficiently target Tai Chi for balance. The authors further note that lack of such an understanding undermines the use and scientific validity of these exercises for balance. The authors state that the most definitive and important area for future research is to determine the underlying mechanisms behind Tai Chi’s effects, and that this may be the most important discovery in this field.
 
I was surprised to read the latter comments, since most Tai Chi practitioners can tell you that benefits for balance  comes from the slow controlled shifting of weight, described more fully below. It is essentially the act of balancing on one leg at a time. And of course Metarobics provides a detailed and research supported theory related to many of the other benefits of Tai Chi. This is an important discovery, which will do a great deal for promoting the adoption and practice of Tai Chi in society (see my posts “Why Metarobics Part One, Two and Three.” Part three will be the topic of my next post). Part of what makes Tai Chi so perfect for developing balance relates to its origins in the martial arts.

Tai Chi started as a martial art, with the idea that slowing the movements down would enhance coordination and relaxation of the body for power, enhance sensitivity for controlling an opponent, and balance, for better throws. The slow movements of Tai Chi worked so well, that the art became called “Tai Chi Chuan,” which literally translates as “Grand Ultimate Fist.” Since the slow relaxed pace with a focus on deep abdominal breathing (while moving the body through its range of movement) is similar to many Qigong exercises, which were designed specifically for health, Tai Chi became further developed for health, and can now in many respects be called the “Grand Ultimate for Health.” Enhanced balance is one of the most consistent benefits cited in Tai Chi research, particularly in those styles which focus on being “single weighted,” described below.
 
“Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics” focuses on physiological benefits for chronic conditions, related to Metarobic Theory. I also included a chapter on teaching and learning Tai Chi, which includes how to use Tai Chi to enhance balance. Below are excerpts from the book, related to Tai Chi for balance. My forthcoming book “Tai Chi: Mind, Body & Spirit” will go into more details on maximizing Tai Chi for balance, as well as mindfulness based benefits for mental balance.
 
From "Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics."
A slower pace also works on a different perspective of balance… During almost every movement in Tai Chi, the goal is to be “single weighted,” that is, the weight of the body is essentially balanced entirely over one leg or the other, shifting back and forth, as a person transitions through the movements.

When the weight of the body is balanced equally between the legs, a person is considered to be “double weighted.” The reason for being single weighted lies in the martial origins of Tai Chi, but the practical effect for health is that by letting the weight of the body shift entirely to one leg (for example the right leg), the rest of the body can be allowed to relax entirely. Including the left leg (called the “empty leg”), as well as the hips, the torso, shoulders, arms, neck and head. As the movement transitions through to the opposite leg (for example, to the left leg), the other side relaxes. An analogy is often made to the idea of imagining one leg being “full” of water, and the water “pouring” into the “empty” leg, as one shifts through to the next movement, until the full leg becomes empty, and the empty leg becomes full.

This transition between empty and full occurs throughout the entire form. Essentially Tai Chi is the act of balancing on one leg and then the other, while relaxing the opposite leg and the entire body. This is the reason why Tai Chi is such a valuable exercise for enhancing balance, and also works to strengthen the knees (providing the knees are kept aligned with the feet and are not over extended, to prevent knee strain).4

____________________________________________________
Balance And Knees, The Best of Both
 
“After two brain surgeries, I had constant severe headaches and suffered from loss of coordination and severe dizziness to the point of passing out. I friend told me that Tai Chi had improved her balance, so I decided to try it. Within two weeks the dizziness disappeared so much that I did not need to use the transderm scop patch I was dependent on. The headaches become less frequent and my coordination got better. Now I rarely experience any headaches. I also had torn the medial meniscus cartilage in both knees. I had the left knee operated on. I could not walk without knee braces, and could only walk slowly. Now I only wear the braces when I do Tai Chi. I can walk much faster and can get up and down the stairs to the subway with no problem or loss of balance.”
 
– Victoria (From Tai Chi Chuan Center. Testimonials)
__________________________________________________
 
Below is a link from the Metarobics YouTube Channel, of auxiliary exercises which includes a walking exercise, focused on the concept of being single weighted. There is also an older video, based on more traditional movements, which includes a greater twist in the “brush knee, twist step” section. This is twist related to using the movement in self-defense as a throw. But from a health perspective may place more strain on the knees. If you experience discomfort in any movements, adjust them as necessary, and if in doubt, discuss with your doctor.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pi3uIfykZc
 
One final note, I am working on an even more user friendly evidence based Tai Chi formats, which will be videotaped later this summer, and am finishing up my next book, which will go more into the psychological benefits of Tai Chi as a mindfulness based practice. So my weekly blog will go to bi-monthly for the remainder of summer.
 
Dr. Gryffin

Citation:
Hackney ME, Wolf SL. Impact of Tai Chi Chu'an practice on balance and mobility in older adults: an integrative review of 20 years of research. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2014 Jul-Sep;37(3):127-35. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0b013e3182abe784.


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Gentle Yoga for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

6/5/2016

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(Below is a post from Lauralyn Kearny, on PTSD and the effects of Yoga on her own condition. She did such a nice job discussing the issues involved with PTSD, that I wanted to include her blog in my weekly post. Usually I do not post case story sources beyond the first name of the person relating the story, since this can be taken as advocating or favoring a particular program. Program specifics can vary considerably, and some aspects may be seen as negative by much of the general public (many complimentary health programs sometimes also include practices seen as particularly unorthodox, such as sending healing energies or tapping into cosmic forces. The goal of the Metarobic Institute is to research and foster awareness of measureable physiological changes, for the medical and general population). There is much about the mind and body we do not know, but to help foster interest in the larger community, I focus on primary elements related to relaxation and the breath. These are the main elements of Metarobic effects and measurable physiological responses in the body related to hypoxia (oxgyen difficiency), which underlies chronic conditions. Below is from the blog Peace Comes First (https://peacecomesfirst.wordpress.com/tag/tai-chi/). The comments in italics (in parentheses) are mine. – Pete).
 
Cognitive behavioral therapy is considered the number one most effective treatment for PTSD right now (Cognitive behavioral therapy aims at creating awareness of unhealthy patterns of thought, and replacing them with healthy responses. Since a goal of mindfulness is creating heightened states of awareness, mindfulness based practices are often used in conjunction. – Pete). Some veterans have also found art therapy helpful, and creating structure with a daily routine. Anti-anxiety medication can be effective, but it can also become addictive so it’s not a good option for a long-term solution. Narcotic addiction is a serious problem among veterans who aren’t seeking alternatives, or haven’t heard about them. When I experienced PTSD after a house fire that left me homeless, I tried a holistic approach. Here’s what helped.
 
5. Practice yoga therapy. (I only included  the fifth step for healing PTSD, due to its focus on physiological responses related to Metarobic theory. - Pete). PTSD disrupts neurotransmitters that regulate stress and fear responses. It stresses adrenal glands that produce survival hormones that put you on edge, cortisol and adrenaline. The nervous system gets locked into a hyper state, making you feel on edge, heightening anxiety with the slightest change in environment. You may find yourself flinch at sudden movements and jump at loud noises (the “Fight or Flight” response I mentioned last week- Pete). My number one therapy healing PTSD was gentle and restorative yoga. At first, I practiced fast moving Vinyasas, sun salutes, to work out anxiety and anger. But cardio isn’t good for intensely stressed states, it only wears down the adrenals glands more and stimulates an overstimulated nervous system. I turned to gentle yoga instead, focusing on slowing down my movements and being present (she also mentions below a focus on the breath. – Pete). I gently and mindfully stretched emotional tension out of my body. I asked myself, where am I holding this emotional stress today? I’d locate it in my back, or knees and sometimes my neck, jaw and shoulders. I’d pay extra attention to stretching these parts. I’d try to spend at least 5 minutes in a restorative yoga position, and worked my way up to 10, 15 and 20 as I became more comfortable with lying still and simply being.
 
When I taught active duty soldiers fresh off deployments, we only did gentle and restorative yoga. They didn’t want any more physical challenges. They wanted rest. They wanted a refuge from the constant moving and change. They wanted the challenge of becoming more mindful, making a conscious mind/body connection and healing from within. At first, lying still may be extremely difficult. This is a sign that your nervous system is jacked up! Have patience. Consistent practice will calm your nervous system, help you breathe deeper and help you feel safe in your body again - Lauralyn Kearny
 
(Aside from benefits related to enhanced oxygen based metabolism and effects on chronic conditions, this mindfulness based approach is common to many other Metarobic forms of exercise, particularly Tai Chi. It may sound like I am biased towards Tai Chi, and I am to some degree. I have practiced Yoga off and on for 10 years or so, but did Tai Chi pretty much daily for 30 years. I love the martial aspect, and of all the exercises I practice, it personally gives me the most bang for my buck. A large part of my focus on Tai Chi is due to there being only so much time in the day. My ideal schedule would be 15 minutes or so of Qigong, 30 minutes of Tai Chi, 30 minutes of running, 90 minutes of Kung Fu workout, and then 45 minutes of Yoga and stretching. But with the demands of life, and current health needs, I rotate exercises as I have time, except for 30 minutes of Tai Chi each morning and night, due to Celiac Neuropathy. Without doing at least an hour a day of Tai Chi, I would not be able to feel my arms and legs. People differ and have different interests and needs, so if you do not have current favorites for exercise, try variety and see what works best for you. For those with chronic health conditions, Tai Chi is particularly easy on the body, while generating a host of benefits related to Metarobic effects, mindfulness, and the gentle manipulation of the body. Breath focused forms of Yoga and Qigong, with a focus on relaxation, such as that discussed by Lauralyn above, may also be a good option for many. One final note on Yoga. More common forms of Yoga can also include the above elements, but also tend to work on (or focus on) developing core and body strength and flexibility (which is also a great benefit of Yoga), or as noted by Lauralyn, may be more aerobic (which also benefits health). For those with health concerns which have a hypoxic element (which includes cancer, heart, lung and kidney disease, arthritis, asthma, diabetes and more), formats which maximize relaxation and a focus on the breath will maximize Metarobic Benefits (see “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics” for details). All forms of Yoga tend to include a mindfulness based component. – Pete).
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