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Can Metarobics Help Cure Type One Diabetes? 

12/2/2016

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When I first looked at diabetes, I was uncertain how much Metarobic exercises could affect type one diabetes. But then I came across case stories documenting diabetics who needed much less insulin, and in one case, an actual reversal of type one diabetes (see below). Metarobic theory and research indicates how and why these exercises may reduce insulin dependence, but since insulin producing beta cells have been destroyed in type one diabetes, it would seem impossible to reverse this condition. However, like cancer, if Metarobic exercise were to have a direct effect on type one diabetes and pancreatic health (and possible recovery), dosage would likely be a key aspect (see Keith’s story below). Most studies for chronic conditions have patients learning Tai Chi or similar exercises two to three times a week, for an hour or so. And without a Metarobic approach, learning can be very different from actual practice of these exercises. Following is a brief overview of type one diabetes and the case story Keith, who states that he reversed his type one diabetes (supported by his doctor) through a combination of diet and exercise.
 
Type one diabetes is the result of the pancreas not producing insulin (as opposed to type two diabetes, in which the body becomes resistant to insulin). Diabetes is considered a metabolic disorder, resulting from the way the body uses digested food for energy(1). Type one and type two diabetes can occur for a variety of reasons, including genetic defects, pancreatic diseases, certain drugs or chemicals, infections, and other conditions. As such, Tai Chi and other Metarobic type exercises may have limited direct effects on at least some forms of diabetes.   However, as a metabolic disorder, it can be hoped that Metarobic effects may help or even prevent diabetes. Some scientists are researching possible links between certain viruses and diabetes (2,3), in which case, since it has been shown that Tai Chi can help the body combat viruses as a whole (4,5), then there may be some preventive effect via a secondary approach. Potential benefits of Metarobic exercises may relate to hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and diabetes, due to the interactions between high blood sugar and hypoxia, and effects on cytosolic and mitochondrial free NADH (an enzyme involved with metabolic pathways and linked to diabetic complications (6)). The main points of interest is that hypoxia, or oxygen deficiency, is once more a culprit in poor health outcomes. This indicates the importance of investigating potential effects of Metarobic type exercises such as Tai Chi on hypoxic conditions. See Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics for the full overview of Metarobic theory and diabetic research, including other metabolic consequences of diabetes, and potential effects on pancreatic cell death..
 
Keith’s Cure and Type One Diabetes
Following is the case story of Keith Ram Prakash Curbow, who believes that Metarobic exercises and diet cured him of type one diabetes (documented by his doctor, see links below). Part of what Keith feels cured his type one diabetes was the mindfulness based effects on stress and anxiety, as a mind/body practice. As a sophomore in a New York high school, he had been dealing with high levels of stress, anxiety, mental anguish and depression. He then began to suffer the typical symptoms of diabetes - excessive thirst, frequent urination, insatiable hunger, significant weight loss and changes in vision. Doctors did tests, and confirmed type one diabetes. Keith began taking normal doses (on the lower end) of insulin injections. In college he started mindfulness meditation, which he said helped with his blood sugars, so that he could cut his insulin. He also started to eat healthier. He cut down on his carbohydrates, and ate more whole grains. Keith stated that when he was consistent with his meditation, he was taking only two to three total units of insulin (Sitting meditation can also be a metarobic practice, by focusing on relaxation and the breath. See my September post, Metarobic Theory, Cancer, and Telomeres – The Health and Longevity Hidden in Our DNA for relevant research ).​
Then Keith’s former boss, who did Yoga, suggested that he try a Kundalini Yoga class which focused on meditation. After eight months of consistent practice, Keith needed almost no insulin. He also completely stopped eating any kind of grain and milk, and progressed to not needing any insulin. Initially he experienced headaches, sweating, irritability and discomfort, which he attributed to sugar withdrawals. But these symptoms went away in a short time. At times he stated he would eat a pizza, and his blood sugar would only be 90 an hour later. If his blood sugar did spike (to 190-220), such as after eating a power bar, he would do some metarobic exercises such as Qigong or Yoga, instead of taking insulin. One Qigong exercise, called the watermill exercise, would bring his blood sugar down from the high levels to 80-120 within 20 minutes (normal ranges are considered to be under 99 before eating, and under 140 two hours after eating). He would also use walking as an exercise, with a focus on the breath and stretching through the pancreatic meridian, while visualizing electricity or Qi stimulating his pancreas. By the end of the walk, his blood sugar was in the normal range.
 
As with all Metarobic exercises, dosage was an important factor for such a severe condition. Keith was waking up at 4:30 in the morning to do two and a half hours of yoga, in addition to his evening and other practices. He stated that discipline was key for making these changes (which can be supported by health behavior theories and models – see below). Keith noted that it was worth it, for giving him peace of mind and curing his type one diabetes. His blood sugar is now consistently in the 70’s when he wakes up in the morning. He even tried a double scoop ice cream cone, and experienced normal blood sugar measurements (one hour after just below 160, 90 minutes after 130, and two hours after within the normal range at 100). He noted that he did this as a test, but does not eat ice cream on a regular basis, since it is not healthy. Keith’s endocrinologist feels that there must have been beta cells still functioning, and that the new diet and Metarobic practices may have arrested the auto-immune response, and allowed beta cell regeneration. Surprisingly, Keith stated that diabetes was the best thing that ever happened to him – it forced him to re-evaluate and change his lifestyle, to become healthier in mind and body than he ever would have been without diabetes. If you would like to read Ram Keith’s full account of his battle with diabetes, and notes from his endocrinologist please see the links below. It will take a lot of research to discover if and exactly how Metarobic exercises may affect various forms of diabetes. In the meantime, if you have a story you would like to share, please e-mail: [email protected].
 
http://type1nomore.blogspot.com/2013/08/my-diabetes-history.html
 
http://type1nomore.blogspot.com/2013/08/info-from-my-endocrinologist.html

In my next post, I will give an example of using the transtheoretical model for health behavior change, related to Tai Chi and pre-diabetes, continuing my series on using health behavior models and theories for enhancing the success of positive lifestyle changes.
 
References
 
1. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Basics.
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/prevention/pre-diabetes/
 
2. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC). Causes of Diabetes.
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/causes/
 
3. 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/overview/
 
4. Yang Y, Verkuilen J, Rosengren KS, Mariani RA, Reed M, Grubisich SA, Woods JA. Effects of a Taiji and Qigong intervention on the antibody response to influenza vaccine in older adults. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2007; 35(4):597-607.
 
5. Yeh, S., Chuang, H., Lin, L., Hsiao, C. & Eng, H. (2006). Regular tai chi exercise enhances functional mobility and CD4CD25 regulatory T cells. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 239-243.
 
6. Nyengaard JR, Ido Y, Kilo C, Williamson JR. Interactions Between Hyperglycemia and Hypoxia: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes. 2004; 53(11): 2931-2938

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Metarobics, Tai Chi, Qigong, Yoga, and the Health Belief Model for affecting Diabetic Health - Part One

11/7/2016

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A physiological understanding underlying Metarobic effects of Tai Chi and related exercises for health and chronic conditions is an important area of research for improving wellness in society. Then there is also getting the person to actually adopt a health intervention or activity. This is where health behavior theories and models can come into play. Much of my research and education at the University of Florida involved such models and theories, which boosted attendance at public events I’ve held by tenfold or more. So in addition to sharing my research this month related to Metarobic benefits for diabetes (in honor of National Diabetes Month), I will also share my work related to using health behavior theories and models, in order to enhance adoption of a health practice or intervention.
 
First a brief overview of Metarobic research, and the relationship to type 2 diabetes (my next article will include some potential support for benefiting type 1 diabetes). The most important factor is potential effects on hypoxia (oxygen deficiency in the tissues), which underlies a surprisingly large number of chronic conditions, including diabetes. Metarobic research and theory documents unique effects on blood oxygen saturation, diffusion, and oxygen based metabolism (see “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics” for details), which can explain why slow moving breath and relaxation focused exercises can have benefits for such a wide range of chronic conditions, including diabetes.
 
In the case of type 2 diabetes (the most common type), the body becomes resistant to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is almost always preceded by “pre-diabetes,” in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes (but can still be damaging to the heart and circulatory system, and puts one at risk for type 2 diabetes). Diabetes is considered a metabolic disorder, which suggests that exercises such as Tai Chi may indeed have a true metabolic effect via a Metarobic action (however complications and underlying factors, such as dosage, necessitate a larger body of research to truly understand Metarobic effects on diabetic conditions). Also, since type 2 diabetes has been primarily linked to physical inactivity and being overweight, exercise (including Metarobic exercises such as walking, Yoga or Tai Chi) has been identified by the American Diabetes Association as lowering risk for type 2 diabetes, in addition to a healthy diet.  And as a mindfulness based exercise, Tai Chi may have the added benefit for weight loss by enhancing conscious awareness of eating habits and triggers.
 
Like most of Tai Chi research, current studies are limited to the effects of 2-3 hours of Tai Chi a week, which has shown minimal or no effects on diabetes. However, Metarobic theory and collected case stories, suggest that increasing dosage (practice) to daily or even multiple times a day, may indeed have some direct effects, particularly for diabetic neuropathy. In my next article I will present research related to hypoxia and type 1 diabetes, as well as the remarkable case story of Singh. Singh stated he had accomplished actual reversal of type 1 diabetes, by increasing dosage and other elements. It should be noted that reversal of type 1 diabetes is considered by the medical community to be irreversible, since the insulin producing beta cells are considered to be completely destroyed in type 1 diabetes. His doctor suggested that despite being a type 1 diabetic for several years, that Singh must have had some beta cells remaining, which regenerated (which is still a remarkable result).
 
Returning to using health behavior theory for promoting the adoption of Tai Chi or other exercise for diabetes, the Health Belief Model is one of the earliest health behavior change models, developed by social psychologists in the 1950’s. In brief, and simplified form, the model consists of four basic elements – increasing perception of health threats, benefits of the intervention (in this case Tai Chi), reducing barriers, and using various cues to action (such as verbal or text messages, social support, or even advertisements and handouts), to modify the first three constructs. Using Tai Chi as an example, I had conducted focus groups consisting of older adults who had never considered trying Tai Chi, and those who were current Tai Chi practitioners. The main perceived health threats for both groups were injury or death from falling (falls from loss of balance are the leading cause of accidental death and injury in older adults), as well as memory loss, high blood pressure, and back pain. The primary perceived benefits of Tai Chi included benefits for balance, overall health, coordination, flexibility, and mental benefits. Barriers included ignorance of benefits of Tai Chi, and how Tai Chi benefits health (one participant stated that it looks like Tai Chi practitioners are waiving their hands around for no reason). Other barriers were unsuitable teacher/class format, time conflicts, and poor health (in the non Tai Chi group). Using these and other identified factors, I created a cue to action in the form of a targeted message (an announcement of a talk on Tai Chi) which addressed health threats, benefits of Tai Chi related to physiological effects, and one which addressed barriers related to lack of understanding of how and why these exercises benefit health. Typical attendance at these talks, according to the organizer, is 5 to 15 people. Over 135 people showed up to the talk. The end result, by also addressing barriers related to teacher and time, was in increase from one class of 5-10 participants, to three classes of 20-25 participants.
 
Using the Health Belief Model to increase adoption of Tai Chi, particularly for type 2 diabetes, is currently primarily limited to the general benefits of exercise, and the potential to use these practices as a mindfulness based activity, to enhance awareness of diet and eating cues and triggers (and as a way to reduce stress, which can be a primary trigger to overeating). The sense of mastery one gets from these exercises can also help one to master negative effects and influences, which will be elaborated on more in an upcoming book. Future research on actual Metarobic effects may also offer hope for a more direct influence on diabetic conditions, as supported by Singh’s story. Next week I will share his story, go over implications and research related to type 1 diabetes, and applications of health behavior theory related to James O. Prochaska’s Stages of Change, and the 10 Process of Change, related to the Transtheoretical Model. For references and supporting research for using Metarobic exercises for diabetes, see my book “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics.”
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Tai Chi for the Back, & Essential Elements of Tai Chi

10/16/2016

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I am still on the road, so in honor of National Chiropractic Month, I am copied below a section from the website I developed while I was an Alumni Fellow at the University of Florida. It contains several useful pointers for Tai Chi for health, particularly for the back. For case stories specific to using Metarobic exercises for back and spinal health, see https://www.facebook.com/metarobics/  
​
- Dr. Gryffin

Tai Chi is becoming a popular exercise, resulting in a wide range of teaching methods. Some changes are beneficial, but others may reduce or even eliminate the unique benefits of Tai Chi. This page shows what to look for in a Tai Chi class to maximize the benefits of Tai Chi for health.

It is critical to know the details of the form of Tai Chi being practiced – many contradictory results in research studies may be due to different forms of Tai Chi being used, different forms of instruction, or a long learning curve (the latter being the reason I developed the Tai Chi Group Follow-Along Form).

There are many colorful histories and legends regarding the origins of Tai Chi, but the essence of the philosophy behind the slow spiraling movements lies in its origin as a martial art. The slow movements permitted a level of mastery over muscle tension that allowed more efficient use of muscular power, as well as increased sensitivity in controlling the movements of a “stiffer” opponent. The person who was more relaxed could feel the tension in the other person, allowing anticipation of movements and greater control over the person. Tai Chi Chuan literally translates as “Grand Ultimate Fist,” due to its effectiveness in combat when practiced as a martial art.
As such Tai Chi became a valuable health exercise as well, since removing tension in the body has many valuable health benefits, including increased blood circulation, impacting every health function in the body. Since this is also the goal of many Qi Gong exercises, Tai Chi has become classified as a form of Qi Gong. Qi literally translates as “Oxygen,” and “Gong” as “Excellence,” or in other words, a breathing exercise to maximize oxygen intake and oxygen based metabolism.

Recent research indicates that the slow movements of Tai Chi relaxes the muscles and decreases oxygen demand by the large muscle groups, resulting in an increase in blood oxygen saturation. Many of the benefits documented throughout this site may be due to the increase in blood oxygen saturation. To enhance blood oxygen saturation, Tai Chi needs to follow a few key steps.
TAI CHI is characterized by slow relaxed movements. Faster practice of Tai Chi may result in some aerobic benefit, but will not result in the unique action on the body that results from a dynamic state of relaxation, coupled with deep slow breaths. On the other hand, movements that are too slow may minimize blood oxygen saturation, as the body uses up the blood oxygen supply faster than it can be replaced. The key is to coordinate breathing with movement so each breath is deep and even, slow enough to maximize blood oxygen diffusion, but not so slow that oxygen is removed from the blood faster than it is replenished.
THE BREATH AND PACE IN TAI CHI

A pace of approximately seven to eight minutes for the 24 short form, or 25 to 35 minutes of practice for the 108 Yang style long form, may maximize blood oxygen saturation. Differences may occur based on a person’s level of fitness. If you are completing several movements with one breath, slow down each movement to match the breath. The goal is to completely fill the lungs at the beginning of each movement, and completely empty the lungs at the end of each movement, as slowly as possible without feeling short of breath. If you feel you are running out of breath when going slow, speed up the movements.

For martial practice, slower and faster paces may be used to train the body for specific applications (faster for balance, force, and aerobic conditioning; slower for greater relaxation of muscle tension, to maximize sensitivity in controlling an opponent and to maximize strength), but for health purposes the above guidelines have demonstrated the greatest increase in blood oxygen saturation.

BEING “SINGLE WEIGHTED”
Another key element to maximize diffusion of the blood and oxygen throughout the body, as well as to develop a greater level of relaxation in the mind and body, relates to the way the weight is carried by the legs. During almost every movement in Tai Chi, the goal is to be “single weighted,” that is, the weight of the body is essentially balanced entirely over one leg or the other, shifting back and forth as a person transitions through the movements. When the weight of the body is balanced equally between the legs, this results in being “double weighted.” The reason for being single weighted lies in the martial origins of Tai Chi, but the practical effect for health is that by letting the weight of the body shift entirely to one leg (for example the right leg), the rest of the body can be allowed to relax entirely – the left leg, the hips, the torso, shoulders, arms, neck and head. This enhances blood diffusion, and muscular relaxation. As the movement transitions through to the opposite leg (for example, the left leg), the other side relaxes.

An analogy is often made of the idea of imagining one leg being “full” of water, and the water “pouring” into the “empty” leg as one shifts through to the next movement, until the full leg becomes empty, and the empty leg becomes full. This transition of empty and full occurs throughout the entire form. Essentially Tai Chi is the act of balancing on one leg and then the other, while relaxing the opposite leg and the entire body. This is the reason Tai Chi is such a valuable exercise for enhancing balance. The below link will take you to a video demonstrating the “three step” Tai Chi walking exercise demonstrating the above principles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRrSiDtFGio

Weighting one leg also increases the heart rate slightly, stimulating blood flow throughout the body more so than if the form were practiced in a standing position.
​

EXTENDING THE SPINE
One other critical element is the positioning of the spine during Tai Chi. As the movements are performed, the practitioner tucks the tailbone and extends the neck, as if a string were being pulled from the crown of the head and the tip of the tailbone. This releases muscle tension in the shoulders and lower back, straightens the spine, and maximizes spinal rotation and adjustment. It is important not to strain or overdo the straightening of the back, particularly in the beginning, to prevent back strain from unfamiliar positions, or movement beyond the range of motion for your body.​


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MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS
Aside from slow relaxed movements, deep breathing, and a straight spine, a few other details should be kept in mind. The knees should be bent slightly, to elevate the heart rate while keeping relaxed. The bent kneed almost crouched position has the added benefit of strengthening the knees. But it is important to keep the knees from bending too far, which can result in knee strain and injury. A good preliminary guideline is to prevent the knees from extending beyond the toes, keep aware of the bodies signals, and as with any element of Tai Chi, consult with a doctor if in doubt.

To maximize relaxation in the arms and shoulders, let the shoulders relax, the hands (except in specific instances such as “crane spreads its wings”) never rising above the nose, nor extending totally straight. In most movements the arms are bent and curved, as if hugging a beach ball. Over extending results in tension. The hands should be relaxed as well, with perhaps a slight counter tension pressing down to counteract years of gripping the hands in stress and tension (sources differ on recommendations to press down. I vary between the two depending on my mood). If you stand with your hands relaxed at your sides, and they curl inward like claws, this is the result of years of tension. The tension in the hands can be stretched out and relaxed by pressing down as if on an invisible table during the form.

The actual movements may be less critical than the method of relaxed shoulders, arms, and body, with a straight spine, bent knees, and slow relaxed and deep breaths (unless one is practicing Tai Chi as a martial art). Removing tension from the body, enhancing oxygen saturation, while relaxing and calming the mind, are the key goals of Tai Chi for health.
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Metarobics and Cancer

9/23/2016

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I am still travelling and meeting with people related to collaborations and support for the Metarobic Institute, so I am posting a section from the chapter on cancer from my book “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” in honor of National Cancer Awareness Month. I begin with an overview of the work of Dr. Otto Warburg, who received the Nobel Prize in medicine for his work on cancer and hypoxia. His work was later discredited as “irrelevant,” and then some decades later doctors realized he was on the right track, and hypoxia and cancer is now a major focus of research. Considering the difficulty I have had in getting my work recognized by the medical community, I relate to Dr. Warburg’s frustrations. In any event, below is a section from chapter three, “Metarobics and Cancer.” For the entire chapter and additional supporting research, as well as over 50 case stories, please see my book, available on Amazon.com.
 
During my research, I came across the works of Nobel Prize winner Otto Warburg (1). He found that among the primary types of cancer, affecting over 70% of cancer patients, oxygen restriction seemed to play a critical role. He observed that cancer grew in areas deprived of oxygen, documenting that tumor cells develop a modified sugar based metabolism (glycolysis), rather than oxygen based metabolism, with hypoxic (oxygen deficient) areas surrounding the tumor site. It is not known why cancer cells do this, but current research is offering support that beneficial effects occur from boosting oxygen levels around tumors, which may permit more efficient delivery of chemotherapy and the body’s own healing agents.
 ___________________________________
Tai Chi and Qi Gong Helped Me Battle Lymphoma

 
Helen Liu had a rare and aggressive form of lymphoma. Chemotherapy failed to eliminate the cancer, and her doctor felt she had only about two weeks left to live. Her father, a famous Kung Fu master (Liang Shou-yu) began Helen on an intensive practice of Qi Gong, Tai Chi, meditation, and alternative forms of Chinese and Western medicine. Helen states: “I was more relaxed, and I was doing Qi Gong and Tai Chi with my dad every day. We’d go out and do all kinds of Qi Gong because it’s good for you to stay outside and get a lot of oxygen. That’s supposed to kill cancer cells.” With all the practices she engaged in, it would be hard to single out Tai Chi and Qi Gong, but for a long time it was a focus of her practice, and is still a regular part of her life 17 years later.
 
(From Martha Burr, Kung Fu Tai Chi Magazine).
 ___________________________________________________
Part of this research is the work being done at the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University (2). Dr. Maleki and colleagues developed a device based on the idea of enhancing tumor oxygenation. The team created an ultrasonically powered micro oxygen generator (IMOG) which can be implanted at the site of the tumor. The IMOG device generates oxygen at the site of the tumor, boosting the cancer fighting power of radiation and chemotherapy. The IMOG device has been used with significant effects in pancreatic tumors in mice, generating oxygen and shrinking tumors faster than without the device.
 
That enhanced tumor oxygenation resulted in tumor shrinkage, even if only through assisting the effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy, demonstrates promise for Tai Chi as a cancer preventive and cancer therapy adjunct (keeping in mind to use it in conjunction with prescribed therapies). It is possible that Tai Chi may generate a similar effect, by increasing blood oxygen saturation and diffusion, and maximizing the body’s own natural cancer fighting ability.
 
Other studies conducted at the University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center noted that the bone marrow microenvironment contains hypoxic areas which inhibit anti-leukemia drugs (3).  Acute lympho-blastic leukemia cells result in marked expansion of hypoxic bone marrow areas, which results in chemoresistance. The authors noted that under conditions of normal oxygen saturation, effectiveness of various forms of chemotherapy was tied to oxygen level, and effectiveness dropped in direct relation to low oxygen levels. Researchers suggest that drugs which target hypoxia may help eliminate leukemia cells within hypoxic areas, and may significantly improve leukemia therapy.
 
Although Metarobic exercises may not have a target specific effect on lymphoblastic leukemia cells, benefits for cancer care reported in the case stories in this book, as well as theoretical elements related to enhanced blood oxygen saturation, diffusion and enhanced oxygen based metabolism, suggests that these exercises may have a general overall effect on the cancer fighting ability of the body, and may enhance chemo and radiation therapy, at least at a general level (also supported by the uniform reports of benefits for pain management reported by cancer and other patients who practice Tai Chi).
 
Indeed, it has been further noted that with the central role hypoxia plays in tumor development and resistance to therapy, that tumor hypoxia may be most valuable and most effective area to target in combating cancer (4). This suggests that exercises which focus on enhancing oxygen saturation and diffusion throughout the entire body may have at least some effect on combating cancer and other chronic conditions. Needless to say, this would need extensive research to validate and determine exact effects. Of the dozen people in the case stories in this book who reported significant benefits during their cancer treatment, it must be asked, if you had 100 patients with the same form of cancer, who all practiced specific user friendly forms of Tai Chi, Qi Gong or other Metarobic exercises (and addressing dosage, in the form of frequency and duration of practice), what percentage would benefit and to what degree?
 _______________________________
The Amazing Results of Qi Gong
 
“Five years ago, I was found to have cancer. I had a tumor on my larynx and throughout the five weeks of super-voltage radiation, I practiced The Eight Precious Sets of Exercises known to the Chinese as Ba Duan Jin. This was not only a great source of physical and mental wellbeing, but it produced tangible and somewhat amazing results. Exposure to intense radiation is expected to have its negative side effects…weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of sleep and a general downturn in spirit are the most typical. I am glad to say that at no time did I experience any of these. Even case hardened doctors and nurses were impressed and asked me to demonstrate the Precious Set of Eight. Today at 50 I am fit, healthy and a great believer in these exercises. I have no way of proving how much their daily practice had to do with my recovery, but I do know that they have given me a new outlook and renewed vitality.”
 
– Geoff Pike (From “The Power of Qi”).
  _______________________________________
The literature on cancer research abounds with studies related to the effects, impact, or implications of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and cancer. Research has documented that tumors result in hypoxic areas, due to growth distancing tumor cells from the surrounding capillaries (5,6). Solid tumors often have large areas of acute and chronic hypoxia, which is associated with aggressive tumor expansion and poor outcomes for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Re-oxygenation is an important aspect of tumor therapy and positive response to therapy (5). Metarobic theory suggests that enhanced blood diffusion may decrease levels of hypoxia around tumor sites, and increase oxygen levels in hypoxic areas.
 
For more research, including research on Tai Chi, see: “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” available on Amazon.com. To order the book, click the above links, or click HERE.
 
References
1.      Pederson PL. Warburg, me and hexokinase 2: multiple discoveries of key molecular events underlying one of cancers’ most common phenotypes, the “Warburg effect”. i.e. Elevated glycolysis in the presence of oxygen. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 2007;39:211-222.
2.      Maleki T, Cao N, Song S, Kao C, Ko SC, Ziaie B. An ultrasonically-powered implantable micro oxygen generator (IMOG). IEEE Transactions Biomedical Engineering Journal; 2011; 58(11): 3104-3111.
3.    Benito J, Shi Y, Szymanska B, Carol H, Boehm I, et al. (2011) Pronounced Hypoxia in Models of Murine and Human Leukemia: High Efficacy of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug PR-104. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23108. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023108
4.    Wilson WR1, Hay MP. Targeting hypoxia in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Jun;11(6):393-410. doi: 10.1038/nrc3064
5.      Brahimi-Horn MC, Chiche J, Pouyssegur J. Hypoxia and cancer. Journal of Molecular Medicine; 2007; 85:1301-1307
6.      Xue M, Kong, FM, Yu, J. Implementation of hypoxia measurement into lung cancer therapy. Lung Cancer;2012; 75: 146-150.

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Metarobic Theory, Cancer, and Telomeres – The Health and Longevity Hidden in Our DNA

9/11/2016

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Last month I shared a brief overview of my own journey with Tai Chi and Qigong. I mentioned the importance of considering dosage (frequency and duration of practice), which was an important factor in overcoming my own situation with celiac neuropathy. This is very relevant to cancer treatment, since current studies on Tai Chi and cancer have patients learning (which can be very different from doing) Tai Chi two to three times a week for an hour or so (1). Benefits have been reported for pain and improved quality of life (which is still a great benefit), but no direct effects on the cancer itself were observed. This contrasts greatly with the reports of my own students with cancer, as well as from many of the case stories I have collected. Metarobic theory and addressing dosage supports potential direct benefits for cancer (1). Many of these case stories document daily Tai Chi practice, with some doing these exercises multiple times a day. Helen Liang stated that her father was having her do as much as eight hours of practice a day, when conventional cancer treatment failed (she was given two weeks to live). She survived, and now over 17 years later, is happily teaching these exercises. I am stressing the importance of dosage due to these cases, as well as my own experiences with celiac neuropathy, as an important area to research.
 
It is sometimes difficult to tell how much medication versus Tai Chi is making the difference. In the case of the cancer patients, chemo and radiation therapy had failed. Since their condition did not reverse or improve until they started Tai Chi and/or forms of Qigong, it seems likely that these exercises were having significant effect (although one should never stop or replace any doctor’s treatment or prescribed medications. Metarobic exercises can enhance conventional treatment, and the cancer patients used these exercises in conjunction with their treatment). Metarobic effects may help combat hypoxia (a major complication in treating cancer), by enhancing oxygen based metabolism and oxygen diffusion (1). This is critical for healing (see “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics” for a detailed overview of the role of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) in cancer and other chronic conditions).
 
New research supports that Metarobic benefits for health, aging and longevity may be tied to the effects of enhanced oxygen based metabolism and diffusion on telomerase production. This can also affect cancer (2). Over the course of our lives, telomeres are lost every time cells divide. And cells have a limited number of times they can divide. When they lose this ability through the course of aging (called replicative senescence), they can no longer replicate and become enlarged. Prematurely shortened telomeres lead to cell death and aging. Telomeres are end caps on our chromosomes, which delay this process. Longer end caps are associated with longer life spans and improved health. Modern medicine is looking at drugs and medication which can preserve telomere length. But aside from medications, there is also evidence that Metarobic effects generated by a relaxed physiological state, and the focus on the breath in Tai Chi, Qigong, and even in seated meditation, may also affect telomere length(3).
 
Telomerase is a factor in this. Telomerase replaces lost telomeres during cell division, preserving function and slowing aging. But unrestricted, it can lead to uncontrolled growth, as with cancer. At times a condition called “crisis” leads to cells continuing to attempt to divide, leading to significant cell death (apoptosis) and cancer growth. In this case, too much telomerase may act in cancer development to sustain the growth of cancer, by allowing indefinite cell division. The science is complex and would take pages to go into in detail. But in short, health, telomere length, telomerase, cell death, and uncontrolled cell division are all interlinked. With normal aging, telomeres shorten with each cell division, with telomerase levels controlled. With cancer growth, shortened telomeres are subjected to uncontrolled telomerase. Telomerase has been found to be 10-20 times more active in cancer than in normal cells (4).
 
So what does this have to do with Tai Chi, Metarobic theory, and health? As noted above, Telomerase is not particularly active in normal cells, but is hyperactive in nearly all cancers. Studies have found that stress can result in increased telomerase release, and the shortening of telomeres (3). Meditation, including moving forms of meditation, can help offset hypoxia, in addition to reducing stress (1). Furthermore, Glycolysis (sugar based metabolism, characteristic of cancer, as opposed to oxygen based metabolism in normal cells) is linked to hypoxia (low oxygen conditions), which can increase telomerase activity to the rampant levels prevalent in cancer (5). Put simply, stress results in a highly reactive physiological state, as well as tense muscles which further impacts oxygen in the body, inhibiting the body’s ability to heal itself (6). Metarobic theory supports that meditative practices (which include a focus on relaxation and the breath) enhance blood oxygen saturation, diffusion and oxygen based metabolism, which helps combat hypoxia and maximizes optimal cell functioning (1). This may include optimal telomerase activation and maximized telomere length.
 
Doctor Elizabeth Blackburn shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology of Medicine for discovering how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase, with Carol Greider and Jack Szostak. In a Scientific American interview, she discussed the effects of telomerase on telomeres and aging (7). Dr. Blackburn noted that telomerase helps prevent the shortening of the telomeres, and thus acts as an anti-aging enzyme. However, she also notes that too much telomerase can help confer immortality to cancer cells, and actually increases the likelihood of cancer. She further notes that too little telomerase can also increase cancer, by affecting the healthy regenerative potential of the body. To reduce cancer risk and enhance optimal health, the body needs an ideal level of telomerase. Complimentary exercises such as Tai Chi, Qigong, meditation and related exercises can achieve this naturally, theoretically maximizing optimal effects through a Metarobic response. This is important to consider, in that trying to affect telomerase levels artificially through drugs is not yet a precise science, in an area in which Dr. Blackburn states does not have a whole lot of room for error. Further support for a Metarobic approach relates to factors listed by Dr. Blackburn, which included oxidative stress. Prolonged elevation of stress hormones or prolonged inflammation can increase oxidative stress, which relates to Metarobic theory. She notes that higher levels of psychological stress (which increases oxidative stress) results in premature cell aging. The end effect is that a person even in their 30s or 40s exposed to high levels of oxidative stress may show signs of aging in their cells.
 
Dr. Blackburn also participated in a review of literature relevant to using meditative or mindfulness based practices to reduce the effects of stress, and the relationship to telomere length and the aging process (3). The review concluded that there is considerable support that mindfulness based practices (which would include Tai Chi), may have beneficial effects on telomere length. The primary mechanisms identified included reduction of cognitive stress and stress arousal, as well as increased positive states of mind, and hormonal factors which may promote telomere maintenance (such as through optimal levels of telomerase). All of these factors would relate to Metarobic theory, optimal oxygen based metabolism, and potential effects on hypoxia, as noted above. Tai Chi and related exercises are reputed in China to be exercises of immortality and longevity. Science is proving that the “immortals” of China may have the right idea – relax, breath, and let your body function at its optimal, uninhibited by stress and tension.
 
References
 
1. Gryffin PA. Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics. Createspace, Seattle; 2015.
 
2. Shay JW, Wright WE. Role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2011 Dec; 21(6): 349–353.
 
3. Epel E, Daubenmier J, Moskowitz JT, Folkman S, Blackburn E. Can meditation slow rate of cellular aging? Cognitive stress, mindfulness, and telomeres. Acad Sci. 2009 Aug; 1172:34-53.
 
4. Shay/Wright Lab. Facts about Telomeres and Telomerase. http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/labs/shay-wright/research/facts-about-telomeres-telomerase.html. Retrieved September 9th, 2016.
 
5. Bagheri S, Nosrati M, Li S, et al. Genes and pathways downstream of telomerase in melanoma metastasis. PNAS. 2006 (103) 30: 11306–11311
 
6. Gouina JP, Kiecolt-Glasera JK. The Impact of Psychological Stress on Wound Healing: Methods and Mechanisms. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011 Feb; 31(1): 81–93.
 
7. Rehman J. Aging: Too Much Telomerase Can Be As Bad As Too Little. Scientific American. Online, July 5, 2014. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/aging-too-much-telomerase-can-be-as-bad-as-too-little/ Retrieved September 9th, 2016.
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Why Metarobics – Part Four: My Story

8/30/2016

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This month I have been sharing case stories on the Metarobics Facebook Page, of teachers who started Tai Chi due to health concerns. Some were at deaths door, and several had been told that their condition was such that nothing more could be done - they were going to die. Then they started Tai Chi. My work with Metarobic theory and research explains why exercises such as Tai Chi had such a dramatic impact on their conditions. This week I shared my own story, which I would like to elaborate on here, since it further supports the importance of an evidence and theory based perspective, in order to maximize the benefits of these exercises.
 
I started Tai Chi about 30 years ago, along with Kung Fu, due to my interest in martial arts. The idea of using Tai Chi for health never occurred to me. But I did receive three fairly immediate benefits. First my long term knee problems cleared up. At one point knee surgery was recommended. My knees were red, swollen and crackly. I was told I needed to give up running, or have knee surgery. I stopped running and my knees got better. But every time I tried to run the problem returned. Until the muscles around my knees were strengthened by the stance training of Kung Fu and Tai Chi. These exercises developed a visible band of muscles around my knees, which acted as a natural knee brace. The second early benefit was correction of the scoliosis of my back. The third benefit was an enhanced level of focus and discipline, which raised my college GPA to pretty much a straight 4.0, and resulted in being the top graduating senior in the college of arts at my university.
 
But it was not until almost 30 years later that I received the greatest benefits, and a better understanding of how to maximize Metarobic elements. Early in life I was diagnosed with the dermatitis herpetiformis form of celiac disease. Things were fine as long as I stayed away from wheat, barley and rye. But about six years ago, while living in Florida, I started suffering from numbness in my feet, as well as memory loss, and episodes during which it was hard to think or talk. Doctors could find no reason for this. I seemed healthy at all levels. Then I read an article called “Have You Seen My Brain Cells?,” about the effects of gluten on the brain in celiac patients. The description in that and other more scientific articles fit my symptoms exactly. Researchers noted that the underlying cause of neuropathy and other neurological conditions in celiacs was undetermined. It was suspected to be a mineral or vitamin deficiency, but like myself, celiac patients tested normal as a whole. Then I read an article that since celiacs tend to eat larger amounts of rice than the normal population, that they were being exposed to high levels of arsenic. At that time I was eating rice in one form or another three times a day, seven days a week. So I stopped eating almost any rice based products. The memory loss and fuzzy thinking got dramatically better, but I was still experiencing numbness in my hands and feet. It looked like long term arsenic exposure might be the culprit, and that this was difficult to get rid of in the body. I was told by my doctor that since low level arsenic poisoning is uncommon in the United States, that it was not covered by my insurance. This seems sad, since one research paper noted that as many as 50% of celiac patients develop peripheral neuropathy later in life. If this is indeed caused by low-level long term arsenic poisoning, eventually this will become a recognized and authorized condition. But in the meantime, the trick was how to get rid of the neuropathy.
 
This is where Tai Chi came into major play in my life. I was researching and writing about the healing effects of these exercises (related to enhanced blood oxygen saturation, diffusion, and oxygen based metabolism), due to the dramatic effects on my students with cancer. Yet here I was, the numbness having spread up my legs to the middle of my thighs, and almost to my shoulders in my arms. A doctor stuck a pin in me, up and down my arms and legs, and I felt nothing. I was frustrated, since here I was writing about the healing power of Metarobic exercise, yet I was losing all feeling in my arms and legs. But then it struck me. One point I was making related to cancer treatment and other conditions, was the importance of dosage – how much and how often each person practiced Tai Chi or Qigong, and the level of benefits they received. Yes, I was doing 30-40 minutes of Tai Chi and Qigong pretty much daily, but not multiple times a day, as did some of the people who used it to combat cancer. So I started doing 30-40 minutes three times a day. Within two weeks I experienced a dramatic turnaround in my condition, and within three months, almost all feeling had returned to my limbs. There was just a little residual numbness in my fingers and toes. Six months later even that had disappeared.
 
I was later able to reduce practice to two times a day, which keeps the numbness at bay. Metarobic theory explains why Tai Chi and Qigong practice would help the body to heal and function more efficiently (due to enhanced physiological function at all levels, linked to measureable increases in blood oxygen diffusion, saturation, and enhanced oxygen based metabolism). The research and mechanisms underlying this is explained in more detail in “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics.” But regardless of how or why it worked, the key thing to me was that it worked. Thirty to forty minutes of Tai Chi and Qigong twice a day may sound like a lot, and to many people it might not be worth it. But it also brings great feelings of peace and tranquility, keeps me young, and is something I can fit in within other activities. In the morning I take our dog to the park, and listen to music while doing Tai Chi. What a great way to start the day. In the evening, while my family watches TV, I grab a corner and do my exercises, still spending time with them. For traditionalists who do not like doing Tai Chi with music or TV, I have to admit, that focused practice in complete solitude does bring additional mental benefits. And at times I do unplug and focus on the form for this reason. But as the famous Tai Chi teacher T.T. Liang said, when someone pointed out that music was not traditional, he noted that the ancients didn’t have MP3 and CD players either.
 
Next month I will be going over cancer research related to Metarobics, in honor of National Cancer Awareness Month, as well as posting relevant case stories on the Metarobics Facebook page. Since I have something like 30 of these stories, I am going to try to post one each day for September. I am still travelling for conference presentations, and looking for a location interested in becoming a home for the Metarobic Institute, so we will see what happens.
 
In health, Dr. Gryffin
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Mind/Body Practices for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

8/12/2016

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In my last article, I discussed the benefits of a mindfulness based practice such as Tai Chi for survivors of rape, inspired by the powerful performances of Lyla June and Desirae Harp at the California WorldFest (a video of which can be seen by clicking HERE). Since there are not any studies specific to this area, I stated that I would follow up with an overview of relevant Mind/Body elements, and a brief review of studies related to these practices for PTSD, which can include the trauma of sexual assault. Some of the below is from the Metarobic Institute Mind/Body Research Page.
 
Relevant elements of Mind/Body training, rooted in Zen practice, includes Mushin (No-Mind), which in East-West psychology can be translated as mindfulness from “emptiness.” The idea is that to become mindful, you first have to become an empty vessel (a great tool for dealing with past trauma and abuse). It is easier to not be haunted or tormented by the past, if you live in the moment (i.e. “Mindfulness”), empty of the past. Other critical concepts include developing control of the “Monkey Mind” (random and destructive thoughts). In Zen, a comparison of the untrained mind is made to a monkey, which runs from one distraction to another. Or in the mind’s case, from one thought to another. And this includes destructive thoughts. Give the monkey something to focus on (a shiny bobble for example), and it sits still, entranced. Focusing the mind on the ten count in sitting meditation, or on the leading hand in Tai Chi, has a similar effect on the mind. Focusing the mind stills random, destructive or depressive thoughts.

Another analogy used in Zen is “Taming the Ox.” To make an ox useful, a ring is placed through the nose. Otherwise the ox is difficult to control (the “Bull in the China Shop”). Meditative practice (whether Tai Chi or otherwise) is the "ring in the nose of an ox" for the human mind. It makes the mind a powerful ally. This is related to the goal of the development of superior focus (Isshin, One Mind). Training the mind through Mind/Body practice frees the mind from trauma, as well as doubt, fear and anxiety. They are seen as paths to Kensho from the Japanese Zen tradition (Self-Nature/Self-Realization, or in other words, enlightenment). The Sanskrit word for this is Bodhi. Bodhi-dharma’s name (the father of Zen/Chan and Shaolin Kung Fu) translates as “Enlightenment teacher/teaching." Essentially using a physical practice to train the mind. As such, exercises such as Tai Chi are ideal for this.
 
Awareness (Sati in the Buddhist tradition) is a major component in Zen therapy, developed as a means for eliminating destructive behavior and thoughts. Psychologist Jon Kabat-Zinn translated this as “Mindfulness,” and used this concept to create a very powerful tool for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction. Meditation can be used as a tool to develop awareness of destructive habits and reactions, and to enhance identification of cues triggering negative behavior, including PTSD. Essentially a mental “stepping back,” allowing space for action free from the past, as opposed to uncontrolled, destructive, and unconscious reaction.
 
Everyday stress, as well as PTSD, are both physiological responses, as well as a mental reaction. Enhanced awareness, coupled with the discipline developed from daily practice (and the benefits of exercise), can short-cut stress responses, permitting greater control and mastery over life. Focusing the mind on the movements in Tai Chi places the mind in a relaxed state beyond thought, which can break vicious cycles of trauma, stress and worry. Tai Chi and other exercises (including aerobic forms of exercise, such as running) also stimulate natural production of endorphins and endocannabinoids, which work on receptors in the body, stimulating an effect similar to opioids (opium) and cannabis (marijuana), but without the dangerous side effects or addictive properties of drugs.
 
Dr. Kim and colleagues with the University of New Mexico conducted a literature review on the benefits of Mind/Body practices for PTSD. The authors concluded from the review that these exercises can have a positive impact on PTSD symptoms, by having a therapeutic effect on the stress response, including reduction in anxiety, depression, and anger. The review also identified benefits related to increases in pain tolerance (which may be due to elements discussed above), self-esteem, energy levels, ability to relax, and ability to cope with stressful situations. The authors state that Mind/Body practices (including Tai Chi, Qigong, Yoga and other modalities) can be a valuable method for dealing with intrusive memories, avoidance, and increased emotional arousal.
 
Doctor Longacre and colleagues, with the Boston University School of Public Health, also conducted a scientific review of literature on relevant complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Tai Chi and Qigong were noted as being particularly effective practices. These exercises produced statistically significant improvements in psychological wellbeing. This included reductions in mood disturbance, anxiety, stress, tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion. The authors stated that Qigong and Tai Chi demonstrated particular promise, in their ability to provide relief from psychological and psychosomatic aftereffects resulting from torture. It was suggested that the increase in bodily awareness and mental focus may aid survivors of torture in overcoming the physiological impact of trauma, while addressing various symptoms characteristic of PTSD. The researchers further noted that Mind/Body practices may be particularly effective compared to conventional medical treatments. This is supported by case story statements posted on the Metarobics Facebook page in June, following Memorial Day.
 
Another study conducted at the Boston School of Medicine, looked specifically at Qigong and Tai Chi as a therapeutic intervention for survivors of torture and refugee trauma. The researchers presented case stories from four refugee survivors of torture, who used a simplified Qigong and Tai Chi practice to deal with PTSD. Participants reported that the exercises helped develop calmness; increase control over external stimuli (preventing triggering re-experiencing episodes); improvement in pain at sites of torture-related injuries; decrease in flashbacks; less anxiety and stress; and an improvement in mood.
 
The above study also further supports the importance of developing a physiological and psychological understanding of these exercises (whether Metarobic or otherwise), in that the researcher’s noted that some benefits may be due to Qigong and Tai Chi as methods of cultivating and balancing the flow of internal energy. This attribution of benefits is frequent even in the scientific literature, due to the roots of these exercises in traditional practices, which used such a framework. This “Qi” as “energy work” perspective can lead to valuable directions for research. But to truly create interest in the medical community and public, it is also important to identify physiological and psychological effects underlying the benefits of these exercises (which is one of the goals of the Metarobic Institute – Click HERE and scroll down to see Metarobic Institute Mission and Goals).

Next month are several National Cancer Observances. So I will be posting research and case stories related to evidence and theory based uses of Metarobic exercises for cancer treatment and prevention, during the first and third week and of September.
 
References
 
Kim SH, Schneider SM, Kravitz L, Mermier C, Burge MR. Mind-body practices for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Investig Med. 2013 Jun;61(5):827-34.
 
Longacre M, Silver-Highfield E, Lama P, Grodin M. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of refugees and survivors of torture: a review and proposal for action. Torture. 2012;22(1):38-57.
 
Grodin MA, Piwowarczyk L, Fulker D, Bazazi AR, Saper RB. Treating survivors of torture and refugee trauma: a preliminary case series using qigong and t'ai chi. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Sep;14(7):801-6. 



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Tai Chi as a Mindfulness Based Survival Tool for Dealing with Rape

7/28/2016

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I was teaching a workshop at the California WorldFest in Grass Valley recently, and heard an amazing mix of rap and Native American music by two talented artists (Lyla June and Desirae Harp). One song related the history of abuse and rape against women, and how women are by nature survivors. Their songs stressed that rape in no way diminishes who they are, and the inherent power of women. There was also a song asking men and all people to become aware, and do what they could to end abuse against women. The song was beautiful and powerful, and made me reflect on many of the issues they brought up. In the martial art classes I taught at Fullerton College, we would touch on the differences between martial arts as a way to health and self-understanding, and martial arts for self-defense. Since many students did not take the classes more than one or two semesters, I would touch on practical aspects for immediate application in a self-defense situation (including escape techniques, and how to diffuse a situation).
 
But self-defense is more than just preventing or dealing with an attack. Sometimes, no matter how well prepared, it is impossible to prevent an assault. Here “Self” defense becomes important – the defense of the self from trauma, despair, fear, depression and a host of other issues. This is where traditional martial arts as a Mindfulness Based Practice, including Tai Chi, can be the most valuable. Mindfulness Based Practices have been used for centuries to help people deal with trauma, including rape and abuse. In “Journey to the East: An Experiential Book,” I mention a Buddhist nun, who as a young girl watched her entire family and village tortured and killed by the Khmer Rouge. She wandered the jungle, lost and traumatized, until she was taken in by a group of nuns. From them she learned to separate what was done to her and her people, from who and what she was, to achieve a high level of peace. In one of our classes at Fullerton College (my wife and I co-taught many of these classes), there was a young student who had suffered abuse at the hands of a family member. She said that she had seen a dozen counsellors and psychologists over three years of therapy, but none helped her as much as what she learned in our class – about mindfulness in the moment, and transcending the past. And the empowerment which comes from traditional martial arts. The practice of Zen (Meditation/Mindfulness) is a perfect tool for learning to live powerfully in the moment, free from the trauma of the past. In Mindfulness Based Practices, the mind is focused on a single point (such as the breath, using a 10 count in sitting meditation, or on the leading hand in Tai Chi).
 
Thoughts, distractions, worry, depression, anxiety, flashbacks – a range of emotions and thoughts – will try to intrude. Initially destructive or random thoughts will succeed in getting through, more often than we might like. But with continued practice, intruding thoughts and emotions cease to appear, until the mind is totally at peace, empty of everything except the moment (but can still be visited by flashes of insight and inspiration).
 
One way to gage your progress, other than the calming of the mind, is the cessation of the perception of the passage of time. With practice, a person can engage in 30 minutes, an hour, or even more of meditative practice, with no feeling of time passing. It is a wonderful feeling, of timeless bliss. You start your meditation, come to an end at what seems like a moment later, and see by the clock, that despite feeling that you had just started, that time has passed. This timeless sense, free of fear, worry, and anxiety, can be carried back into daily life. If you begin to have a panic attack, flashbacks, or depression, by focusing on the breath (slowing it, feeling it), the mind becomes free once more. It would be nice to think that this is a totally effortless and easy state to achieve. But meditation, whether sitting or as Tai Chi, is a discipline. As such, it takes focus and dedication. But having had the experience, knowing that you can be free from destructive emotions and thoughts, gives a sense of peace in itself. And the knowledge that one has a practice, which with time, will provide the ability to return to what I would call almost a divine grace. Knowing that the key is to do it, regardless of how one feels. Do is a Japanese suffix to many martial arts – Karate-do, Aikido, Judo, etc. As disciplines, they cannot affect your life unless you do them, so it is a very appropriate suffix from the English perspective. From the Japanese perspective, Do is the Japanese format of Tao, which means the “Way.” A path to a powerful Way of living.
 
At its heart, it is as simple as that, being and doing in the moment, free from the past. But as with any practice, there is also so much more. I recommend David Brazier’s book “Zen Therapy,” for a more detailed approach to applying Zen to your life, particularly for dealing with trauma. For a more fun and innovative approach to the philosophies of Zen and Tao, which incorporates story, philosophy, and instruction, I will be releasing an early edition of “Journey to the East: An Experiential Book” in late August or early September.
 
Returning back to the powerful performance at WorldFest, one song also brought to mind that we tend to focus on the victims of rape. But rarely, if at all, on the people who commit rape. It may be time to really examine who are the people committing rape, why they do so, and are we really doing anything about this. Becoming more aware of all the issues and big picture is also a part of mindfulness. Statistics from the CDC indicate that approximately one out of five women have been raped in their lifetime (with as many as one out of three in some populations). What does that mean in regards to how many people are committing rape? We look at how women can prevent rape, but what about preventing men from becoming rapists? How many men become rapists? And why? – what can be done about this side of rape? Creating awareness at all levels is an important part of mindfulness for greater understanding, and how to achieve change at many levels, including societal. As a rape survivor, this can mean focusing on the moment, in a life well and powerfully lived. From society’s perspective, this can mean taking a close and honest look at all of the factors involved, and how this can be addressed. This may include educating men in other areas of mindfulness, including how to control impulses and anger, the consequences for themselves and women, and where and how the thought could arise that rape could ever be OK.
 
I was not able to find any studies on the use of mindfulness for dealing specifically with rape, but there are several on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which I will go over in my next post. Following that, I will return to the physiological benefits of Metarobic exercises such as Tai Chi, including exciting new research on the effects of mindfulness based practices on telomeres and longevity.
 
Below is a short clip of the performance at WorldFest (used with permission). It was taken with my phone, which had difficulty focusing, so I apologize for the poor image. I missed the beginning, but even so, it is a powerful performance and mix of traditional and contemporary music. it begins with a traditional chant and transitions into an amazing mix of the modern and ancient.

​www.facebook.com/metarobics/videos/1246261092053216/
 
- Dr. Gryffin
  July 29, 2016
 
References:
 
Gryffin, PA. Journey to the East: An Experiential Book. Createspace, 2016 (A pre-release copy, available end of August/Early September).
 
Brazier, D. Zen Therapy: Transcending the Sorrows of the Human Mind. 
Wiley Publishing, 1997.
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Tai Chi for Fibromyalgia and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

7/13/2016

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Most of the research and case stories in my book and social media sites relate to the top ten leading causes of early death in the United States. So this month I wanted to post and discuss case stories related to other conditions. As noted in my book “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition for which Tai Chi has been shown to have significant benefits. Dr. Chen Chen Wang, with Tufts Medical Center, had conducted a 12 week study to investigate the benefits of Tai Chi for patients with Fibromyalgia (1). Dr. Wang notes that fibromyalgia is a common and complex condition, which can include symptoms of chronic and widespread pain, as well as chronic fatigue and sleep disturbance. It can also lead to various other physical and psychological conditions. It is noted in the study that exercise as a whole is beneficial for fibromyalgia, and is considered an essential part of treatment. Regardless, years later, most patients are still in considerable pain, and require drugs to manage the condition.


In Dr. Wang’s study, 33 people were enrolled in a twice weekly Tai Chi class (and instructed to practice at least 20 minutes daily at home). For comparison, 33 people were also enrolled in a class on stretching and wellness education. At the end of the 12 weeks, and at the 24 week follow up, the Tai Chi group had a significantly greater decrease in fibromyalgia impact scores compared to the stretching and wellness education group (which still experienced some benefit). Benefits in the Tai Chi group included significant improvements in pain, fatigue, physical functioning, sleeplessness and depression. Pain relieving effects were so significant, that one third of the participants in the Tai Chi group stopped using any form of pain medication.
 
As is common with scientific studies on Tai Chi, and further noting the importance of a Metarobic or similar understanding and explanation of benefits, Dr. Wang also stated that the biological mechanisms which might affect fibromyalgia remain unknown. Dr. Wang suggests that benefits might be related to a restful state and mental tranquility. Tai Chi certainly does this, but considering the prevalence of studies on the role of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency in the tissues, discussed in my book) in chronic pain, and the unique and measureable effects of Tai Chi and related exercises on enhanced blood oxygen saturation, diffusion and oxygen based metabolism, it also worth researching the Metarobic effects of these exercises for various conditions, including fibromyalgia.
 
Other conditions which can result in chronic pain include multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic disease which attacks the central nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves). Symptoms can range from numbness of the limbs to complete paralysis or loss of vision (2). The research into Tai Chi and MS has been limited primarily to benefits for balance, improvement in walking speed, flexibility, vitality and social and psychological factors (3). But if Tai Chi enhances all of the body’s systems (through the Metarobic effect described above), there may be direct benefits for pain and other symptoms of MS, as suggest by the following pilot study (and the case stories I will be posting later this week on the Metarobics Facebook Page). In the pilot study, eight secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients were enrolled into a Tai Chi/Qigong class (4). Benefits increased with the amount of time Tai Chi was practiced at home. One participant who practiced little (about 50 minutes per week), experienced almost no benefits. Those who practiced for approximately 200 to 400 minutes per week reported improvement in balance, reduction in feelings of “pins and needles,” pain, fatigue, depression, stiffness of joints, and reduced numbness in fingers and feet (this again stresses the importance of considering dosage (frequency and duration) when researching benefits).
 
The researchers noted that typical expectations of medical interventions for MS is to slow the progression of the disease. In this study, participants actually showed improvements in functioning on several points. An over 31% improvement in symptoms was reported. Replication of the study on a larger scale was recommended to better understand potential benefits, particularly considering the wide variety of symptoms associated with MS.
 
The research for Tai Chi grows daily, but still has a long way to go. A Metarobic perspective can help direct investigations related to physiological mechanisms of change, and how to maximize benefits for various conditions. Sadly enough, the primary barrier in queries to research institutions, has been related to comments that a Metarobic approach seems too simple. But considering the basic simplicity of aerobic theory, and the exponential development, research and growth of aerobic exercise following Dr. Cooper’s work, sometimes the simplest explanation is the most profound of all. For more information, please see my book “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” available on Amazon.com.

 
One last note, I have been getting queries regarding using Tai Chi for balance, following my post earlier in June. So I made a short video for the Metarobics YouTube Channel, which can be viewed by clicking HERE. Or you can use the following link. I do want to note that my focus in the "Repulse the Monkey" movement is on the hand in front, which can help with balance for many people. I originally learned Repulse the Monkey with the eyes following the hand towards the back and then to the front. Both methods are practiced in schools of Tai Chi, although from my experience, most follow the movements towards the back. As you gain skill, you may wish to try following the hand through the back swing (or side swing in some styles). There are applications to both the front and back from a martial perspective (one as an arm lock or break, the other as a throw).
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRrSiDtFGio
 
Dr. Pete Gryffin
 
Citations
 
1. Wang C, Schmid C, Kalish R, Yinh J, Rones R, Goldenberg D, McAlindon T. Tai Chi is Effective in Treating Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 363: 743-54.
 
2.  PubMed Health. Multiple Sclerosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001747/
 
3.  Husted C, Pham L, Hekking A, Niederman R. Improving quality of life for people with chronic conditions: The example of T'ai chi and multiple sclerosis. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1999; 5(5):70-74
​
4.  Mills N, Allen J, Carey Morgan S. Does Tai Chi/Qi Gong help patients with Multiple Sclerosis? Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2000: 4(1), 39-48.
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Why Metarobics? Part Three

6/28/2016

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Recent newsfeeds stressed again the importance of a Metarobic understanding behind the benefits of Tai Chi. As noted in my last post, researchers with Emory University School of Medicine stated that the most critical area to research is identification of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of Tai Chi for older adults. Metarobics does this, and the following articles further stress this need. In the first article, on a study on the benefits of Tai Chi for type 2 diabetes (Click HERE to read the article), the author stated that benefits for type 2 diabetes might be due to Tai Chi being a moderate form of exercise. The author further defined moderate exercise as: "Any activity that leaves you feeling warm and slightly breathless but still able to hold a conversation counts as moderate exercise.” If there is one thing about Tai Chi, it is that it does not leave you in any degree breathless. Indeed, the feeling can be described more as being “breathful.”   It has also been noted in an extensive review of Tai Chi studies that Tai Chi has no aerobic specific effects (1). 
 
Since there is no established category for these exercises, others have also tried to classify exercises such as Tai Chi as a low impact or moderate form of aerobic exercise. Until the development of a Metarobic understanding, researchers have had no other “go to” for mechanisms of effect, for the many and sometimes dramatic benefits of Tai Chi. This approach has several drawbacks, the first being that it is inaccurate. Tai Chi has only a mild effect on heart rate, and when practiced correctly, does not raise it to even low impact aerobic levels. I have noticed that in an attempt to gain “aerobic” benefits, some teachers and practitioners have sped Tai Chi up, to the point of removing two of the primary benefits of Tai Chi – a relaxed body combined with slow deep breaths. These two elements increase unique Metarobic effects related to enhanced blood oxygen saturation, diffusion, and oxygen based metabolism. It is my hope that in time, a Metarobic understanding of these exercises will help overcome the tendency to try to classify Tai Chi as low impact aerobics, or as moderate exercise. As noted in my book “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” other researchers have also stated a need for such an evidence and theory based approach, from which to categorize and better study and promote these unique exercises. It is their very nature as a slow moving, breath-focused relaxation exercise which has such tremendous benefits for health and chronic conditions (again, see my book for more details).
 
The second post was a tongue in cheek article by Simon Doonan, on her experiences with Tai Chi (Click HERE to read the article). In the article Simon notes that her husband came home from work, saw her doing Tai Chi, and thought she was having some sort of episode. She stated that she avoids trying to explain why she does Tai Chi, in part because there is no way to rationalize Tai Chi as muscles toned or calories burned. That as an exercise, it is intrinsically mysterious. I appreciate the depths of Tai Chi, which at times can be quite “mysterious,” but it again stressed the need for promoting a Metarobic understanding of Tai Chi. It removes the WTF (noted below), with “Ah, so that’s why people do this.”
 
The WTF comes from Simon’s observation of the First Lady, Michelle Obama, learning Tai Chi while on a trip to China. Simon noted a frown and an expression that she described as “This won’t tone my arms. WTF?” Again, a Metarobic understanding will replace that with a smile and an “Ah, so that’s why I am doing this.” One final note, further stressing this point, comes from a reader comment: “Everybody over this age is Tai-curious. Everybody under 60 thinks it is utterly idiotic.” Metarobics replaces idiocy with understanding, including an understanding of the need for exercises such as Tai Chi for chronic conditions, and answers the questions of the older “Tai-curious” group.
 
For more information, and to answer your own questions, see the Metarobic Institute pages, or for a more fuller explanation of Metarobic effects and supporting research for health and a wider range of chronic conditions, read “Tai Chi Therapy: The Science of Metarobics,” available on Amazon.com (Click HERE for link).

If you would like to read Part One and Part Two of this series, below are the links:

Why Metarobics?

Why Metarobics - Part Two: Dedicated to Alan Rickman and David Bowie


Citation
  1. Lee MS, Lee E, Ernst E. Is tai chi beneficial for improving aerobic capacity? A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009 43; 569-573.
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